Health Promotion for Alcohol Essay

Bernadette protect RN, Midwife, potash alum Cert Ed, MPHandTM, MHlth Sci Lecturer, Faculty of wellness Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia. B. Wardlatrobe. edu. au Glenda Verrinder RN, Midwife, Grad Cert high Ed, Grad Dip Pub and Com health, MHlth Sci Senior Lecturer, Faculty of wellness Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia. ABSTRACT inebriant step in Australia society is a participation issue that plunder be spread overed achieverfully within a wellness procession framework. It is most(prenominal)-valuable that strategies are nonperceivedasquickfixes howeverwork toward addressing some of the underlying structural factors that t in ally to the problem.Objective The objective of this article is to demonstrate how nurses house ingestion the capital of Canada Charter for Health advance framework in addressing intoxi sternt twist among green spate. Primary argument The capital of Canada Charter for Health onward motion (1986) proposes a useful framework from which to view the wellness of whole populations everywhere their life course and in doing so work toward strengthening pots wellness potential (World Health ecesis 2005). The relevanceoftheCharterliesnotonlyintheinfluenceit has on establishing wellness promotion practice, but in wish manner theinfluenceithasonhealth insurance policy emergenceand health research (World Health Organization 2005).Conclusion Parents and participation members render an important role to play in addressing inebriantic drinkic drink convolute among adolescents but they need to be supported by nurses who toilette go out care within a health promotion framework. KEY run-in alcoholic drinkic drinkic drink, youth, Ottawa charter Australian daybook OF ADVANCED NURSING sight 25 Number 4 114 POINT OF VIEW INTRODUCTION The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (WHO 1986) has been phenomenally influential in directing the development of the concept of health promotion a nd shaping earthly concern health practice (Nutbeam 2005).The Charter is now much than 30 years experienced and, as a landmark document, outlines a clear statement of exertion that continues to withstand resonance for nurses around the world. The Charter was re? endorsed in capital of Thailand at the 2005, 6th Global Conference on Health Promotion as it had been in Mexico? City (2000), Jakarta (1997), Sundsvall (1991) and Adelaide (1988). The principles and work on areas have stood the political campaign of time in care for, health policy development and health research.Itisnowknown at that placearemanyfactorswhichinfluence health and unsoundness. There is generally no integrity cause or single contributing factor which furbish ups the likelihood of health or illness or else in that location tends to be a variety of causes. Factors that determine physical and moral health status imply income, employment, poverty, education, and gate to residential area resources. T hese social factors hold flocks life experiences and opportunities which inturnmakeiteasierormoredifficultforpeopleto make positive decisions or so their health. sequence there are many meets that a person can get under ones skin to protect their own or their families health, very often the social background of their lives makes it impossible to take those actions (Talbot and Verrinder 2005). Health promotion and distemper legal community strategies at the societal level are now part of the repertoire of nursing interventions. The Ottawa Charter highlights the importance of building level-headed public policy, creating verificatory environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills and reorienting health services.Used collectively in any population setting, the action areas have a cave in chance of promoting health than when they are used in isolation. The Charter also highlights the potential role of organisations, systems and communities, as well as individual behaviours and capacities (Talbot and Verrinder 2005). Australian JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING Volume 25 Number 4 Health promotion strategies have been used goodlytoaddresshealthissuesthatareidentified as problems by the community.In Australia and throughout other western countries, the misuse of alcohol by five-year-old people has been highlighted as a problem (Toumbourou et al 2003). alcoholic drink misuse amongst adolescents For many Australians, alcohol uptake is a pleasurable part of terrestrial life (Parliament of Victoria 2004). However in recent years there have been several reports highlighting that the proportion of adolescents consuming alcohol and the marrow of alcohol they are drinking is at record levels (AIHW 2008 White and Hayman 2006 Shanahan and Hewitt 1999).The dour and short term sequelae associated with risky or high risk alcohol consumption include negative physical, emotional and social consequences (NHMRC 2001). Immediate wounds include a ccidents, injuries, decreased scholastic and sporting performance, aggression, violence, assault, disrupted family relationships, high risk inner activity,drivingwhileundertheinfluenceofalcohol and delinquent behaviour (Jones and Donovan 2001). Among upstart people aged 16 to 24 years, alcohol cerebrate harm is one of the leading causes of disease andinjuryburden(AIHW2006).Thesefindingsare invariable with population based research in Europe, United States and Canada (Jernigan 2001). confederationconcernhasbeenreflectedinAustralian media reports about teenage binge drinking and the associated harms and generated debate in the Australian media about fosterage the reasoned age of alcohol consumption from 18 to 21 years (Editor 2008 Toumbourou et al 2008). In countries outside Australia, studies have demonstrated that raising the legal age for alcohol consumption reduces adolescents access to alcohol and the subsequent associated harms (Ludbrook et al 2002 Grube 1997).While ther e are lessons to be learned from these settings, perceptions of health and how to address the determinants of illness have changed due to a combination of well cognizant top? down and well anchored bottom? up approaches to policy fashioning (WHO 2005). Previous reports in Australia 115 POINT OF VIEW have suggested there is little community support for any proposed changes to the current age for alcohol consumption and instead focus is more on the enforcement of current rule (Loxley et al 2004).Australianparentshaveacriticalroleininfluencing the attitudes and beliefs of young people toward alcohol consumption. However parents have indicated they are looking for assureation, skills and community support to assist them in guiding their adolescents safe and sound use of alcohol (Shanahan and Hewitt 1999). The five action areas of the Ottawa Charter provides strategies from which nurses can support parents to promote health and elevate safe alcohol consumption patterns among adoles cents.By using the framework of the Ottawa Charter, nurses have a inviolable evidence base and useful framework from which to support families and the broader community in addressing the issue of alcohol misuse among young Australians. Reflecting on their own sea captain setting, nurses can use the Ottawa Charter framework to guide and inform interventions aimed at minify alcohol link harm among young people. utilise the Ottawa Charter as a framework to address the determinants of illness associated with alcohol misuse 1. Action area 1 Build healthy public policy causes of ill health.Community action strategies are an important way of addressing alcohol think harm (Parliament of Victoria 2004). Regulation and parturiency of sales, increased server liability, increased alcohol taxes and lowered blood alcohol limits are some of the policy areas which have been shown to be effective in lessen alcohol related harm (Parliament of Victoria 2004). vigorous public policy affects t he entire population directly or indirectly. Nurses have a key role in informing and advocating on behalf of clients, families and the broader community and in promoting effective public policy.2. Action area 2 Create confirmatory environments Building healthy public policy is one of the solutions to improving health. all public policy should be examined for its impact on health and, where policies have a negative impact on health, strategies implemented to change them. tidy public policy is needed to ensure that people are safe. In recent years, initiatives to reduce alcohol related harm have increasingly been focused on high risk individuals (Parliament of Victoria 2004).While these strategies whitethorn be appropriate for individuals, they do little to reduce the burden of disease at the community level (Midford 2004). There are risks attached to stress on individual behaviours and victim blaming instead of addressing the structural AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING Volu me 25 Number 4 Healthy public policy assists in creating supportive environments that are important in ensuring that everyone lives in a place that is safe and enjoyable. Alcohol misuse is not just something that pertains to young people it is a problem that impacts on all members of the community.In a society where alcohol is often seen as an entire part of life (Australian Government 2006) and alcohol misuse is implicated in one third of all road accidents (AustralianGovernment2001)whatisdefined as safe postulate to be re? considered. Parents commonly supply alcohol to their adolescents (Graham et al 2006 Ward et al 2006 Shanahan and Hewitt 1999) and in Australia enforcement of current legislation to restrict underage access to alcohol is patchy (Loxley et al 2004).As a result,manyadolescentsfindaccesstoalcohol easy. In addition, alcohol advertising that is targeted to youth is often linked with social and sexual success and hence contravenes the Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code (Jones et al 2001). Public policy designed to create supportive environments has resulted in the settings approach to health promotion, where operative for change occurs through partnerships at the community level (Talbot and Verrinder 2005).Nurses, for example, have a role in 116 POINT OF VIEW facilitating interaction amidst teachers and parents and among local government and school communities so they can exchange information, ideas, sort out values (McMurray 2003) and identify strategies that will focus on reducing alcohol related harm among young people. Nurses can encourage and establish primary feather care partnerships to develop alcohol action plans designed to improve the health and wellbeing of adolescents.3. Action area 3 Strengthen community action 4. Action area 4 Develop personal skills Strengthening community action is important and so there needs to be mechanisms by which the community can participate in decision making as a community and not just as an ind ividual. Communities can determine what their needs are and how they can best be met. Thus greater power and crack remains with the people themselves, rather than totally with the experts. Community development strategies are one means by which this can be achieved. To date in Australia there have not been any testis consultations with youth about raising the legal age of alcohol consumption. key to the success of the Ottawa Charter is increasing peoples control over their own health and issues that impact on it. The participation of youth groups is critical to the principles of equity and participation. In countries outside Australia, some community militarisation programs have been effective in changing community factors (e. g. underageaccesstoalcohol)thatinfluence alcohol use amongst young people (Holder et al 1997). There are a moment of successful community mobilisation approaches that have focused on reducing alcohol related harm among young people (Hingson and Sleet 2007 H anson et al 2000).The role for nurses is to draw on these examples to successfully mobilise young people to be heterogeneous in the decision making process about issues that impact on their health and wellbeing. Developing personal skills is important if people are to feel more in control of their lives and have more power in decisions that affect them. Helping people develop their skills ensures that people have the information and knowledge necessary to make informed choices. InAustralia,manyparentsfindithard to hand with their adolescents about alcohol (Shanahan and Hewitt 1999).It is alsoclearthatmanyparentsfindthemselves isolated and powerless to do anything about their adolescents alcohol misuse (Shanahan and Hewitt 1999). Systematic reviews of alcohol and other drug education programs in schools indicate that effective school based programs should begin before introduction to alcohol and other drugs and that content should include social skills and resistance training. In addition, community values, societal contexts and information about drug related harm need to be included (Midford et al 2002).Alcohol education programs that provide information alone have limited success (Foxcroft et al 2003). Without an arrest of alcohol related harms and interventions to address those harms, parents and community members cannot support initiatives for changes (Howat et al 2007). Nurses can work with parents, teachers and students to provide formal and informal education (WHO 2005) which informs alcohol related harm reduction policies. 5. Action area 5 Reorient health services Reorienting health care is important in ensuring that health promotion is everybodys business.Re?orientating health services means that nurses have a pivotal role in fostering intersectoral collaboration between the health sector, police, education, adolescents and parents. There is some evidence to suggest that picture interventions can have some effect in reducing alcohol related harm a mong young people (Loxley et al 2004). However recent AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING Volume 25 Number 4 117 POINT OF VIEW overseas evidence suggests that in settings that are most commonly used by adolescents, many health practitioners are not comfortable and adequately skilled when working with young people (McPherson 2005).works in partnership with other health care providers, nurses can encourage positive health practices where brief interventions that focus on harm reduction, can be provided from places where young people congregate (McMurray, 2003). 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A community prevention trial to reduce alcohol? involved accidental injury and death overview.Addiction, 92(S2)S155? 171. Howat, P. , Sleet, D. , Maycock, B. and Elder, R. 2007. Effectiveness of Health Promotion in Prevention Alcohol Related Harm, In McQueen, DV. and Jones, CM. Global Perspectives on Health Promotion Effectiveness. Springer, New York. Jernigan, D. 2001. Global status report alcohol and young people. World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland. gettable from http//libdoc. who. int/hq/2001/WHO_MSD_MSB_01. 1. pdf (accessed May 2008). Jones, S. and Donovan, R. 2001. Messages in alcohol advertising targeted to youth. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 25(2)126?131. Loxley, W. , Toumbourou, J. and Stockwell, T. 2004. The prevention of substance use, risk and harm in Australia a review of the evidence. dry land of Australia Canberra, Australia. forthcoming from http//www. health. gov. au/internet/wcms/publishing. nsf/ Content/health? pubhlth? publicat? document? mono_prevention? cnt. htm/$ institutionalise/prevention_summary. pdf (accessed May 2008). Ludbrook, A. , Godfrey, C. , Wyness, L. , Parrot, S. , Haw, S. , Napper, M. and van Teijlingen, E. 2002. Effective and cost effective measures to reduce alcohol misuse in Scotland a literature review.University of York Aberdeen, Scotland. Available from http// www. scotland. gov. uk/health/alcoholproblems/docs/lire? 00. asp viper (accessed May 2008). McPherson, A. 2005. Adolescents in primary care. British health check J ournal, 330(26)465? 467. Midford, R. 2004. Community action to reduce alcohol problems what should we try in Australia. Centrelines Newsletter of the field Centres for medicate and Alcohol Research. 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