Key Elements Of Information System Information Technology Essay

tell apart Elements Of development carcass culture engineering science EssayThe task has been assigned to me by my college which is the ABP awarding body certification requirement. I leave completed the assignment after a thorough study of various sources such as books, journals and websites.OBJECTIVES name the concept of tuition Based formation in institution.Describe how discipline strategy craps in constitution.Describe the various types of learning musical arrangements by breath of support.Identify the major developmental Systems that support each organisational direct. publications Review1) dataAny raw selective teaching that is organized and verified to be accurate and by the way for any purpose and presented within a context that gave it meaning and relevance and it leads to increase in mind and decrease uncertainty.1.1) learning SystemWhen state utilize instruction or constitutions by using technologies gather, process, store, engage and disseminate reading riding habits.Information System (IS) is a strategy that gave the knowledge necessary for managers and focusing to carry an government effectively. IS and the training it gives are essential comp onents of reasonable craft decisions.Information industries overhaul in providing festering in about economies of business.Every cheek achieved it success on the bases of in that respect selective nurture governing body.Due to castrate in technology and globalization of markets galore(postnominal) industries are now trying to develop and improve there information system because they emphasizes on there information.Information system is not just a information touch on system system but information and communication technology play a vital role in befriending the organization to fulfill it leads.Information system refers to the system of people, information and activities both computer-based and manual that effectively gathers, process store and disseminate organization information.It is important to maintain the information system in organization and adopt new approaches for improvement in the development, use and reviews of IS system with in the organization must be an on passing game process of both bank oversight and OCC examiners. Every IS have clearly specify model of guidelines, procedures policies and standards for antithetical organizations. It should be fallowed by any organization for the development of its system and as comfortably as to maintain and use all information where it necessary.Information System is used and viewed by all watchfulness Levels.It assists the organization and supports them in extensive term strategic goals and objectives.It helps in financial accounting systems that are used to maintain lock on all financial record preserveing activities.Every organization should designed there Information System to achieve the engageing goals.Improve communication among employees.Deliver all complex an d important textile through out the institution.Provide a system for recording and processing information.Reduce all expanses tie in to labor, material and other activities.Help in achieving organization strategic goals and objective and providedirection.Organizationa) Customersb) Retailersc) EmployersTechnologyWebsitesInternetsCollaborativePlanning softwaresManagementa) Develop growthb) Strategyc) Monitor workd) Level and costInformation Systema) Customize Productsb) Interact with customerc) Exchange ideas and reportsd) Coordinate doing with salesBusiness SolutionsIncrease customer runIncrease revenuesReduce costBusiness Challenges produce IndustryInefficient ProcessInformation System provides help and facts for decision making which support and improves boilers suit decision making process.Information System in addition improves job performance through out the organization. It also provides help to all level of counselling. It gives the information and information and hel ps the wariness in making strategic decisions. It helps the organization in all activities to monitor, control and distributes information to all employees, customers.Effective Information system gives up-to-date creation formats and time frames required by all management levels. Information System can be maintained manual or automated or both combine.Effective deliveries of an organization products and services are support by Information system.These systems be accessible and used at all level of management and organization.Information System is also helpful in over all risk management strategy.Information system also help the organization to keep control, measure, monitor, recognize and manages all the activates, risk and Limits.Risk Management has quaternary key chemical elements.Policies or practices.Operational ProcessesStaff Management.Feed back Devices.Information system should be both useable and informational. So that management can use it to measure performance, manag e resources and help organization with restrictive requirements.Information system also used to provide effective risk control which helps to maintain congruous management and minimize risk through the organization. it also help the organization to make new policies help in practicing these policies provide up to date information in all operational process also help in making assignments duties and responsibilities for ply and managers. info used in organization come from many finical records and dealings systemsand right(a) control procedures must be setup to help in accumulation relevant data and also help in correction of data.Information system organized and the data is gathered from different equipments i.e mainframes, microcomputer, minicomputer. bear on control help the system on smaller computer and pre defined and also effective as those commonly found on the larger mainframe system.The OCC fully endorses and supports placing these principles in writing to improve ef fective communications throughout the organization.Improving Weakness of Information System Risk.1.2) Key Elements of Information SystemTo work properly and effectively the five key elements should be checked and functioned are time lines, accuracy, consistency, completeness and relevance.TimelinessInformation system should be capable of providing distributing information to right users. Information system is capable of providing short and long reports of information.Information system also helps in processing, collecting and producing results from data.It also help in making correction, adjustments in errors found in data.AccuracyInformation System provides control checks in editing balancing.All the impertinent informal audit programs done by organization provides the adequacy of internal control.ConsistencyAll the data should be process consistently and uniformly. Variations in data be undisturbed and reported to information analyst. Because data collection and reporting proc ess change over time management must establish procedures to allow systems changes. All the procedures should be documented, willdefind and clearly communicated to all related to employees and should include proper effective monitoring system.CompletenessAll the data and information provided by information system to management level should be complete and checked by all accepts.RelevanceAll the information must be relevant to organization objectives and strategies. Information that is unnecessary or too detailed should be sorted out.2) Information System as BridgeInformation system provides us bridge surrounded by management information science and computer science.Computer science provides information technology software.Information system brings all human race activities and information technology to one place and it provides communication link between these two worlds.The system well serves the people and organization by using all the IT capabilities.To run this system properl y it requires specialist people having knowledge of both computer world and organization and the people who using these systems.All the system should work with in the contexts of organization, management and the information society.To build a bridge like this between the information organization and people we need skills in programming, computer architecture and networks.Also we need techniques for information system compend design by using all advance data base design methods and related lord and legal knowledge.3) Level Types of Information SystemsEvery business has different information system needs. It also depends upon different levels in organization. Three key information systems are movement processing systemManagement Information SystemDecision subscribe to SystemsThe importance of information is different on different level of management.The information can categorise as strategic, managerial and operational information.The information used by senior management for dec ision making is Strategic information. The lower levels in the organization do not require this information. The information systems that gave information for decision is known as Decision Support Systems.Figure Relation of information systems to levels of organizationThe information used by the middle line of management is known as managerial information. The information used by middle line management help in making short-term decisions and plans for the organization. Information likes sales synopsis or production details for the whole year. Information system is now geezerhood the necessity of all organizations to fulfil all the managerial activates. Due to its Importance, most of the big organizations have eliminate IS departments. Whose duty is to watch the use and proper functioning of the system.For daily and short term information we need third level of information. It help the operational level to carry out day to day operational activates. it also help in attendance rec ord of employees.Information System gives information for processing transaction of the organization, that type of information system is known as Transaction Processing System or Data Processing System. For example information provided by such systems are processing of rules, evaluating overdue purchaser orders of marketing and sales departments..3. a) Transaction Processing SystemsTransaction Processing System the organization in there business transaction process. Any activity of the organizations can be called Transaction. Every organization has different transaction. For example, take a airline reservation system. Booking, cancelling, etc are all transactions. However, there are some transactions, which are common to to the highest degree all organizations.These include calculation, storage and retrieval.Speed and accuracy, can be achieved by TPS and can be programmed to follow routines functions of the organization.3. b) Information SystemManagement takes help in solving pro blems and making decisions from it. They use transaction processing information and all relevant information also. It process queries as quickly as they arrive. An important element of IS is database.A database is a collection of data items that can be processed through application programs and uncommitted to many users.3. c) Decision Support SystemThese systems help senior management in making long term decisions. With the help of this systems we can handle unstructured or semi structured both decisions. A decision will be unstructured if there are no clear procedures for making the decision.A decision support system must be easy to operate and also it should be waxy for all users so that they can produce reports by giving data and it should be format agree to the situation explained.4) Level of Management System4 .a) Operational-level Management SystemThis system helps the operational managers by keeping memorial of the all necessary activities and transactions of the organi zation. This system is answerable for the routine questions. It provides help in sales, receipts, cash deposits, payroll, credit decisions, and flow of materials.4 .b) Knowledge-level Management SystemSupport knowledge and data workers in an organisation. The reason of these systems is to help the organisation discover, organise and integrate new and existing knowledge in to the business, and to help control the flow of paperwork. These systems, especially in the form of collaboration tools, workstations, and office systems, are the fastest growing applications in business today.4 .c) Management-level SystemsAt this level it helps in monitoring, controlling, decision-making, and administrative activities of middle managers. We can contain periodic reports rather then information on operation. it also helps in non-routine decision-making, focusing on less-structured decisions for which information requirements are not always clear.4 .d) Strategic-level Management SystemHelp senio r management how to keep control and tack actions on strategic issues and long-term manners, wither it in the organization or related to immaterial environment.Main reason is to use organisational capability with the changes, and opportunities, occurring in the medium to long term in the external environment.An organisation must have operational, knowledge, management and strategic level systems for each functional athletic field within the organisation. This would be based on the management model adopted by the organisation, so, while the most commonly-adopted systems structure would simply follow the standard functional model, structures reflecting bureaucratic, product and matrix models are also possible.As identified before, enterprise level information systems attempt to encompass the whole organisation in one system.Type of systemsExecutive support System (ESS)Strategic- Level System5 yearsSales trend forecasting5 yearsOperation Plan5 yearsBudget forecastinglolly PlanningMa n power PlanningManagement Information system (MIS)Decision Support System (DSS)Management Level SystemSales ManagementInventory controlAnnual BudgetingCapital coronation AnalysisRelocation analysisSalas region AnalysisProduction computer programingCost analysisprice/ProfitabilityAnalysisContract cost AnalysingKnowledge work system (KWS)Office Automation System (OAS)Knowledge Level SystemEngineering WorkstationGraphic work stationManagerial WorkstationWord ProcessingDocument ImagingElectronic CalendarTransaction processing System (TPS)Operation Level SystemMachine ControlSecurity TradingPayroll salary nightspot TrackingPlant SchedulingAcc PayableTraining DevelopmentOrder ProcessingMaterial Movement ControlCash ManagementAcc ReceivableEmployee record KeepingSales marketingManufacturingFinanceAccountingHuman Resource feature film Of Information Processing SystemType of SystemInformation InputsProcessingInformation OutputsUsersESSAggregate dataInternal, externalGraphics simulations interactiveProjections responses to queriesSenior managersDSSLow Volume data or massive database optimised for data analysis analytic models and data toolsInteractive simulations, analysisSpecial reports decision analysis response to queriesProfessionals provide ManagerMISSummary transaction data high-volume data simple-minded modelsRoutine reports Simple models low-level analysisSummary exception reportsMiddle managersKWSDesign ad hocations Knowledge baseModelling simulationsModels graphicsProfessionals Technical staffOASDocuments SchedulesDocument management Scheduling CommunicationDocuments schedules mailsClerical WorkersTPSTransactions eventsSorting Listing Merging updateDetailed reports lists summariesOperations personnel supervisors5) Working of Management Systems5.a) Operational-level ManagementTransaction-Processing SystemsBasic business system fare daily routine transactions necessary for business functions.All the tasks, resources and goals are highly structured at o perational level.Generally, five functional categories are identified, as shown in the diagram.Type of TPS SystemSales/ marketing SystemManufacturing/Production SystemsFinance/Accounting systemHuman Resource SystemOther Types(e.g. , University)major(ip) Functions of SystemSales ManagementMarket researchPromotionPricingNew ProductsScheduling acquire commitping/receivingEngineeringOperationsBudgetingGeneral LedgerBillingCost accountingPersonal recordsBenefitsCompensationLabour relationsTrainingAdmissionsGrade recordsCourse recordsAlumniMajor application SystemsSales order information systemMarket research systemPricing systemMaterials resourcePlanning systemsPurchase orderControl SystemsEngineering SystemsQuality Control SystemGeneral ledgerAcc Receivables/PayableBudgetingFunds management systemsPayrollEmployee recordsBenefit systemCareer Path systemRegistration System,Student Transcript System, political program Class control System,Alumni benefactor system5 .b) Knowledge-level Manag ementOffice Automation SystemsTargeted at conflict the knowledge needs of data workers within the organisationData workers tend to process rather than reach information. Primarily involved in information use, manipulation or dissemination.Typical OAS handle and manage documents, programing and communication.Knowledge Work SystemsTargeted at meeting the knowledge needs of knowledge workers within the organisationIn general, knowledge workers hold degree-level professional qualifications (e.g. engineers, scientists, lawyers), their jobs consist primarily in creating new information and knowledge5 .c) Management-level SystemsManagement Information SystemsTypically these systems focus entirely on internal events, providing the information for short-term intend and decision making.MIS summarise and report on the basic operations of the organisation, dependent on the underlying TPS for their data.Transaction Processing SystemOrder fileProductionMaster FileAccounting FileOrder processi ng SystemMaterial resource planning systemGenera Ledger SystemManagement Information SystemManagerMIS FilesSales DataUnit ProductCost DataProduct falsifyDataExpanses DataMISReport5 .d) Strategic-level ManagementDecision-Support SystemsAs MIS, these serve the needs of the management level of the organisationFocus on helping managers make decisions that are semi-structured, unique, or rapidly changing, and not slow specified in advanceUse internal information from TPS and MIS, but also information from external sourcesMust provide user-friendly, interactive tools.Fuel consumption cost filePort Expenses File get off Charter Hire History Cost FilePort distance Restriction FileShip File (e.g speed capacity)Analytical Model Data BasePCGraphicsReportsExecutive Support Information SystemsServe the strategic level of the organisationIt provides generalised computing and communications environment, rather than providing any fixed application or specific capability. Such systems are not des igned to solve specific problems, but to tackle a changing array of problemsIt is structured to incorporate data about external events, such as new tax laws or competitors, and also draw summarised information from internal MIS and DSSThese systems filter, compress, and track critical data, emphasising the reduction of time and effort required to obtain information useful to executive managementIt employ advanced graphics software to provide highly visual and easy-to-use representations of complex information and accredited trends, but they tend not to provide analytical modelsKnowledge System(KWS OAS)Management System(MIS)Transaction Processing System(TPS)Management System(DSS)Executive Support System (ESS)Inter-relationships and inter-dependencies between IS types mastery Story of one of organization (Air Asia)Using Information SystemAir Asia Airline Company that entered a formerly hunting market with great success.Ticket less jauntAutomation with ITReduced beImproved serviceA ir Asia developed open skies software to automate ticket handling toAvoids travel agents and their feesUses reservation agents who work from home using VoIPEncourages internet flight booking by customersMaintenance information system used to log airplane parts and time cycles for replacementAir Asia used groundbreaking technique for routing airplanesDoes not use hub and spokes method only point to point.Takes most profitable route between cities.Keeping flight manuals on laptop computers allows for paperless cockpits.Saves pre-flight time associated with calculating weight of plane (annual savings of 4800 hours).Information System Helps Air Asia offer Better Services.Safety FirstPartnering with worlds most famous maintenance providers and complying with the world airline operations.High Aircraft UtilizationImplementing the regions fastest turn around time at only 25 minutes, assuring lower costs and higher productivity.Low Fare, No FrillsProviding guests with the choice of customi zing services without compromising on quality and services.Streamline operationsMaking sure that processes are as simple as possible.Point-to-Point NetworkApplying the point-to-point network keeps operations simple and cost low.7) ConclusionsEvery organization run on it strategies. And strategies make by management on the basis of the information they have.So I think if the organization have strong information system and it have up-to-date information then the strategies which they are going to make for future will be perfect and it will gave the organization competitive edge in market and on it competitors