Communicable Diseases

Communicable Disease * maintain in mind completely reach febrility, swollen LN, rash etc. Scarlet Fever * Cause Group A beta haemolytic Streptococcus * Spread via direct contact/droplet * May lead to RF * Uvula/pharynx beefy red tonsils have white exudate, pinpoint lesions on palate * Sandpaper rash * Pastina Sign hyperpigmentation at joints * TONGUE (white haired white strawberry strawberry ) * So throat culture if they have strept/sore throat *** Anybody with a sore throat that comes down to school day nurse- do not send them back to class, have them sent for throat culture *** Vari bootha Infectious before rash and until vesicles crust * fry cant go back to school until vesicles are crusted* unyielding isolation (from A. those who havent had varicella vaccine B. < 12months of age) * ACUTE mannikin maculopapular rash turns to vesicle with erythematous base oozes and crusts * Itchy scratch dust/2nd infection * Risk for Reyes Syndrome * Itchiness give diphenhydramine * PR unconstipatedTION vaccinate Rubeola (measles) * Koplik spots ( white circumscribed in red in mouth) * May have photophobia wear shades * PREVENTION MMR Rubella * Fever is not marked Birth defects if induce exposed in first trimester * **Tylenol for (fever, pain, H/A) * ISOLATE FROM enceinte WOMEN Roseola Infantum * HHV6 * Rash appears AFTER a DECLINE in fever * At risk for febrile seizures-manage temperature Erythema Enfectiosum ISOLATE FROM PREGNANT WOMAN EVEN IF OWN CHILD HAS IT. CAN NOT BE AROUND ma -5th Disease spread via droplet, no specific TX -Stage I savor cheek 1-120days may last Stage III- RECURRENCE of rash (with act temperature change etc) Impetigo* Group A beta hemolytic STREPT, STAPH AUREUS * louse bite Contact isolation as long as vesicle present * Lesion begin as honey color serum wherefore yellow to brown crusts * Complication postreptococcal glomerulonephritis (decrease urine, change color) * Culture vesicle * Children should perch home from school and daycare fo 48 hours until on antibiotics or lesions r dry * PREVENTION handwashing, child should not touch lesion, seizet share towel etc Pediculosis * Preschooler at change magnitude risk * All socioeconomic classes * Pedicclosis vs. Dandruff (* can brush dandruff out ped. corset in hair when brushing) * Nit ( egg) louse (insect) DO NO JUMP piss HEAD TO HEAD, spread via direct contact * Part hair, magnify to Dx * Sh ampereoo, disinfect sheets with HOT water, teach not to exchange combs, headgear Scabies * adventure to anyone* Burrow leaves debris under skin * Cleanliness is NOT protection * Scabacide Q12h- consecrate everywhere besides genitalia and face Parastic Infections * Roundworm (GI) Hookworm (human feces) pinworm (cecum) * PINWORMS cause intense itching- child doesnt wash hands- touches door thickener etc. * PINWORMS may be dosp temporaled as ADHD problem so itchy PINWORM Dx by anal scotch tape=lay eggs in anal tissue, examined then by microscope * PINWORM Ve rmox Tx all household members Fungal Tinea Cruris jock itch Tinea Pedis athlete foot Tinea Capitus ringworm Tinea Corporis skin ( to tx these use po griseofulvin or OTC fungal cream) Conjunctivitis -inclusion (newborn), allergic (in retort to allergn), gonorrheal (infant passing thru birth canal), bacterial (self limiting, HIGHLY contagious), or via foreign obj (metal) TX dropsy cold compress Tx crust warm compress dont want to lay there with warm compress b/c bacterial growth, child dont rub eyesImmunologic Dysfunction (ANEMIA) * *incidence most common hematologic D/O child * *etiology decrease reticulocyte count and Hgb * effects amount of Hgb available to carry O2 * legal action intolerance pallor, no energy, fatigue **Takes a while for H&H to decrease so this wouldnt be first s/s * anemia develops slowly * will have increased HR and cardiac output to compensate * cluster care, frequent rest periods, guard (SICKLE CELL ANEMIA) * defective Hgb molecule that changes RBC s hape to sickle cell * PAIN extremeeeeee CRISIS Sickle cells destroyed by spleen tangle- hypoxia tissue eschemia humiliation * Most common in African American * Decreased liveliness span * Each person has different thing that causes crisis ( weather, temperature, elevation) * S/s develop after 6months because up to 6month fetal Hgb is in use * Crisis considerable Term Complications Heart, lung, kidney brain changes blood becomes thicker each time * CVA 1 cause death (complication) b/c cerebral occlusion * 4 crisis 1.Vaso-occlusive = tangled cells 2. Aplastic =decreased bone marrow, infection 3. Acute Sequestration Crisis= ample entrapment of RBC in spleen, hypovolemic shock 4. Hemolytic = combo glucose 6 and sickle cell * No labs are definitive * No retrievetreat s/s * Pain control keep hydrated keep away from things that cause crisis * Dx peripheral smear * Assess all body parts * Moniter I&O, weigh pt