Classical management theory Essay

Classical focus theory was introduced in the late 19th century. It became widespread in the prototypical half of the 20th century, as organizations tried to address issues of industrial guidance, including specialization, efficiency, high quality, cost reduction and forethought-worker relationships. While other(a) management theories fork out evolved since then, authorized management processiones atomic number 18 still used today by galore(postnominal) sm tout ensemble-business owners to build their companies and to succeed. There are three come up-established theories of unequivocal management Taylors guess of Scientific Management, Fayals Administrative Theory, and Webers Theory of Bureaucracy.Although these schools, or theories, developed historical sequence, later ideas make up non replaced preceding ones. Instead, each new school has tended to complement or coexist with previous ones. Theory recognizing the role that management plays in an organization. The sp lendor of the function of management was first recognized by French industrialist Henri Fayol in the early 1900s.In contrast to the purely scientific examination of work and organizations conducted by F W Taylor, Fayol proposed that any industrial undertaking had six functions technical mercenary financial security accounting and managerial. Of these, he believed the managerial function, to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate, and say-so, to be quite distinct from the other five. Fayol also identified prevalent principles of management division of work dictum and responsibility discipline mavin of command unity of direction subordination of individual interest to common interest remuneration of personnel centralization scalar chain of authority order equity stability of tenure of personnel initiative and esprit de corps. Fayols views on management remained popular by dint ofout a large distinguish of the 20th century.Evolution of Classical Approach to M anagementTraditional ferment of learning is either through obsevation and experiment. Nature or environment is considered consistent and when we observe certain phenomenon or events uniformly leading to the same egress or results, we conclude a cause and effect relationship amid the two. This is learning by observation or in other rowing by experience. Earlier thinkers on management followed this approach in underdeveloped theories of management. Learning principally is through empirical process and through compend of the data collected through observation. Draw the principles of management by aspect at and analyzing the jobs that all managers commonly do.This approach served as a kickoff point for pioneers on management science to verify the validity and reform the applicability of the principles and practices of management. Analysis of observed data is what constitutes a case charter. The data-based method of case study helps arriving at logical conclusions about gone e xperience and to test the same as standards for future events. The German socialists, exclusive Weber followed the classical approach and developed his theory of Bureaucracy, which portrays the structure and heading of organization characterized by a hierarchy of authority, perfunctoryized rules and regulations that serve to persist the coordinated functioning of an organization.Basic Postulates of the Classical Approach by goop Weber1. Management of an organization is considered as a chain of inter-related functions. The study of the scope and features of these functions, the sequence through which these are performed and their inter-relationship leads one to draw principles of management suitable for universal application 2. Learning principles of management is done through the past experiences of actual practicing managers. 3. As business environment consists of uniform cycles exhibiting an key unity of realities, functions and principles of management derived through proce ss of empirical reasoning are suitable for universal application 4. Emerging new managers through formal education and case study can develop skill and readiness in management concepts and practices 5. The classical approach also recognized the importance of economic efficiency and formal organisational structure as direct pillars of management effectiveness. 6. Business activity is based on economic benefit. Organizations should wherefore control economic inducementsAdvantages and Benefits of the Classical Management TheoryHierarchical organise maven of the advantages of the classical management structure is a clear organizational hierarchy with three distinct management levels. Each management free radical has its own objectives and responsibilities. The top management is usually the board of directors or the capitulum executives who are responsible for the long-term goals of the organization. Middle management superintends the supervisors, setting incision goals accordi ng to the approved budget. At the lowest level are the supervisors who oversee day-to-day activities, address employee issues and provide employee training. The levels of leaders and responsibilities are clear and well defined. While the three-level structure may not be suitable for all small businesses, it can benefit those that are expanding.Division of Labor One of the advantages of classical management approach is the division of crowd. Projects are broken run through into smaller tasks that are easy to complete. Employees responsibilities and expectations are clearly defined. This approach allows workers to set apart their field of expertise and to specialize in one area. The division of labor approach leads to increased productivity and higher efficiency, as workers are not expected to multitask. Small-businesses owners can benefit from taking this approach if they are sounding to increase production with minimal expense.Monetary Incentive According to classical management theory, employees should be motivated by monetary rewards. In other words, they will work harder and become more productive if they have an incentive to look forward to. This gives management easier control over the workforce. Employees feel apprehended when being rewarded for hard work. A small-business owner can take this approach to motivate the employees to achieve production goals.Autocratic Leadership The autocratic leaders approach is the central part of classical management theory. It states that an organization should have a single leader to make decisions, to organize and direct the employees. solely decisions are made at the top level and communicated down. The autocratic leadership approach is beneficial in instances when small-business decisions need to be made readily by a leader, without having to consult with a large group of people, much(prenominal) a board of directors. Small businesses, especially sole proprietorships, can have an advantage in taking this app roach, as they need a wet leader to grow.Faults with the Classical ViewThe classical view of management is ofttimes criticized as viewing a worker as a chaste tool to improve efficiency. Taylorism and classical management styles negatively affected the esprit de corps of workers which created a negative relationship between workers and managers.