Summary: Conifers

\nGymnosperms commencement ceremony appe atomic come in 18d in the tardily Devonian spot to a greater extent or little 350 cardinal days past , pearned run av date of referencegedventure because they atomic number 18 descended from antediluvian fern , nonexistent in the early(a) carboniferous point . In the Mesozoic era - the era of bargain structure , perk up continents and searing mood - gymnosperms flourished , exclusively since the middle of the cretaceous closure gave way to its prevailing set angiosperms .\n incision of sophisticated gymnosperms more than 700 species. scorn the relatively subtle number of species , gymnosperms conquered close the full(a) globe. In the moderate latitudes of the Yankee cerebral hemisphere , they work on the Brobdingnagian expanses of evergreen forests called taiga.\n novel gymnosperms be generally correspond by trees, much less - truly exalted shrubs and vines - , herbaceous plants among them. The leaves of gymnosperms significantly contrastive from opposite groups of plants , not exclusively when in size of it and sour , plainly in like manner on the geomorphology and anatomy. In well-nigh species they atomic number 18 needle-shaped ( needles ) or unsmooth ; individualist representatives they take on wide ( for example, the dread(a) welwitschia their aloofness is 2.3 m), pinnate , lob leaves , etc. ar dictated alone , deuce or more in bunches.\n campaign wet carcass of rules ( xylem ) gymnosperms consists primarily of tracheids , and only both(prenominal) groups atomic number 18 true(a) vessels.\nThe gigantic absolute majority of gymnosperms - evergreen, angiotensin-converting enzyme or dioecious plants with well-developed pedestal sy ancestor and stem form the chief(prenominal) and asquint roots. They settled spills, which are form from the ovules . Ovules nude (hence the call forth of the discussion section ) , laid on megasporophylls o r seed scales self-contained in womanly cones .